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Telegraphy.

No. 240,433. Patented April 19,1881.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ORAZIO LUGO, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Iatent No. 240,433, dated April 19, 1881.

Application filed March 8, 1381. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ORAZIO LUGO, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

In apending application forLetters Patent of the United States, filed by me February 1,1881, 1 have shown, described, and claimed a novel method of transmitting electrical pulsations through a telegraphic or telephonic circuit constituting a solenoid. This solenoid is shown as consisting of a direct insulated conductor passing longitudinally through the mathematical axis of a helical conductor or conductors, also insulated. Where more than one helical conductor is described such helical conductors are shown with their terminals united in multiple are, so as in effect to constitute a single compound conductor.

My present invention is based upon that above referred to and constitutes an improvement thereon. lts object is so to organize the apparatus that two or more independent elec tric circuits may be established through a single cable or compound conductor, each of which may be utilized for work independent of the others, so that electric currents ofdiiferent character, or independent sets of signals, may be simultaneously sent through the same compound conductor.

I My invention contemplates the employment of the most improved apparatus for transmis. sion known and in use at the present day; but as the details of such apparatus are well understood they need not be herein described, especially as such details constitute no part of the subject-matter hereinafter claimed.

The accompanying drawings show my improved organization in the best way now known to me, but the arrangement of apparatus may nevertheless be varied in well-known ways without departing from the principle of my invention, the distinguishing characteristics of which are the transmission of one set of currents, impulses, or pulsations through longi conductors coiled helically around the longitudinal conductors, and nearly at right angles thereto, these conductors being insulated from In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents the organization of conductors forming two telegraph or telephonic circuits, organized in accordance with the principles of my invention; and Fig. 2 is a theoretical diagram, illustrating the application of my invention to a telegraphic and a telephonic circuit.

Two metallic conductors, Aand a, are shown in Fig. 1, each envelopedin the ordinary manner in insulated coatings of any suitable material, which are placed parallel to and symmetrically disposed on opposite sides ofthe line a: Two other similar insulated conductors, B and b, are wound helically and as closely as possible around the conductors A and a, the line 00 00 forming the axis of the helices. Thus the direction of the electric currents traversing the conductors B I) will be nearly perpendicular to the direction of currents traversing the conductors A a. If the directions of the two sets of conductors were exactly perpendicular to each other, it would be impossible for any inductive effect to take place between them, a fact strictly in accordance with the well-established laws of electrical action.

I make use of a compound or multiple conductor, constructed as above described, of any desired length for independent telegraphic, telephonic, or other circuits. It will be evident, upon inspection, that the mean distance of the conductors A and a from each other will be the same throughout the entire circuit, and the same will also be true of the conductors B and b with reference to each other. It will furthermore be observed that the mean distance of the two pairs of conductors A wand B b from each other will be also equal throughout their length, and that the mean distance of each pair of conductors from all surrounding objects of whatsoever nature, and situated at whatsoever actual distance therefrom, will be precisely the same. It follows, therefore, that a current traversing a circuit formed by uniting the conductorsB andbat theirends necessarily flows in a given direction through one of the conductors, as B, and in the opposite directionthrough the other conductor, as I), and therefore the inductive effects of the current tending to manifest themselves in each conductor, while of opposite character, will be precisely equalin intensity and in duration, and consequently no effect whatever will appear. Th us any mutual inductive action which might tend to manifest itself between the two pairs of conductors A a and B b, in consequence of their not being precisely at right angles to each other, is entirely counteracted.

It is obvious that under the organization hereinbefore described the total length and resistance of the circuit formed by the conductors B and b will be much greater than that formed by the conductors A and a. If, for any reason, this inequality in the resistance in the two circuits should be objectionable in any particular case, it may be overcome by making the helical conductor of larger wire than the other; but such a mode of construction is ob viously objectionable for mechanical reasons. In such a case it may be advisable to form the external helices of four equal wires and to 0 join one pair of wires at their extremities in multiple arc to constitute the direct conductor, and the remaining pair, also in multiple are, for the return conductor.

In case one circuit is designed to be used for telegraphic and the other for telephonic communication, it will be advisable to make use of the longitudinal conductors A and a for the telegraphic circuit and the helical conductors B b for the telephonic circuit, as the increased resistance will have but little effect in diminishing the strength and distinctness of the vibrations by which the sounds in the telephone are produced.

Fig. 2 represents the organization of telephonic and telegraphic apparatus which I prefer to use in connection with my invention.

E represents the battery; K, the telegraphic transmitting-key, and R the corresponding receiving-instrument at the opposite terminal station. This organization of apparatus and conductors constitutes what is termed a metallic circuit, which is termed either an open or a closed circuit, according to the normal position of the transmitting-key. T and T, in like manner, represent two telephones, adapted for sending or receiving, placed at opposite terminal stations, and included in the metallic circuit formed by the direct and return conductors B and b.

It is obvious that in apparatus thus organized electric currents or pulsations transmitted through one conductor of each metallic circuit will return through the other, and that the inductive influence of the currents passing through thetwo sets of comluctors will be equal and opposite, not only upon each other, but upon all surrounding objects whatsoever. It follows, therefore, that any inductive effects, of whatsoever nature, which have a tendency to be produced in or by the direct conductor of each circuit, will be neutralized by similar or opposite effects, tending to be produced in the return conductor.

Any required number of independent circuits of conductors, organized as above described, may lie parallel and close together within a single conduit or pipe, or inclosed in a single armor, and each circuit will be absolutely protected against the effects of induction, both in itself and in the neighboring conductors, whatever may be their number or relative position.

I claim as my invention The compound electric conductor hereinbefore set forth, consisting of two or more parallel insulated conductors, constituting a helix, and united in pairs at their extremities to complete one or more metallic circuits, with parallel insulated conductors disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the helix, also united in pairs at their extremities to complete an additional independent metallic circuit.

ORAZIO LUGO.

Witnesses:

FRANK. L. POPE, MILLER O. EARL. 

